Space perception definition12/8/2022 However, there are exceptions to this rule, such as when using sensory-substitution devices to translate visual information into tactile input that can be perceived, for instance, on either the tongue or the back (e.g., Bach-y-Rita et al., 1969 Chebat et al., 2007). While other modalities extract spatial information in a similar manner (e.g., tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive modalities), they are body-centric and do not provide reliable information beyond personal and peripersonal space (i.e., beyond the reach of any limb). This visual dominance stems in part from the brain receiving high-resolution spatial information directly from the retina that is coded topographically throughout the visual pathway. Our sense of vision provides us with the most detailed information about the spatial configuration of our environment. Results obtained with late-onset blind individuals suggest that early visual experience plays a key role in the development of both spatial hearing enhancements and deficits. Early blind individuals also show spatial hearing impairments when performing tasks that require the use of an allocentric frame of reference. Potential explanations underlying these contrasting findings will be discussed. Evidence suggests that while early blind individuals show superior spatial hearing in the horizontal plane, they also show significant deficits in the vertical plane. Available evidence will be examined in terms of spatial dimensions (horizontal, vertical, and depth perception) and in terms of frames of reference (egocentric and allocentric). The purpose of this review is to summarize the key findings which support either enhancements or deficits in spatial hearing observed following visual loss and to provide a conceptual framework that isolates the specific conditions under which they occur. While several anecdotal accounts tend to associate complete blindness with exceptional hearing abilities, experimental evidence supporting such claims is, however, matched by nearly equal amounts of evidence documenting spatial hearing deficits. For instance, it has long been debated how spatial hearing evolves in the absence of visual input. Valuable insights into the role played by visual experience in shaping spatial representations can be gained by studying the effects of visual deprivation on the remaining sensory modalities. Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute – McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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